The bioconjugation field continues to grow, making bioconjugation technics important and essential in biotechnology, molecular biology, medicine, and materials science. Bioconjugation methods enable the attachment of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, antibodies, and carbohydrates to other molecules and surfaces.
Bioconjugation is vital in biological and biomedical applications because it can modify and manipulate biological systems to produce bioconjugates for therapeutic development.
Bioconjugation Services: Bio-Synthesis Inc. offers comprehensive support for nucleic acid delivery of DNA, RNA and peptide therapeutics. Our innovative bioconjugation approach harness the specificity of targeting molecules such as antibody drug conjugates (ADC), antibody oligonucleotide conjugates (AOC), or cell-penetrating peptide conjugates (CPPs), as well as others, with the functional variety of oligonucleotides.
Bioconjugations enables the development of powerful tools for research, diagnostics and therapeutic applications.
Basics in Bioconjugation Chemistry: Basic facts about bioconjugation chemistry can be reviewed in “Basic Bioconjugation Chemistry of Reactive Groups in Biomolecules." Click here!
Drug Delivery: Bioconjugation enables targeted drug delivery by attaching therapeutic agents to biomolecules, such as antibodies or peptides, which can specifically bind to targets in diseased cells. For example, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) deliver chemotherapy directly to cancer cells, minimizing side effects.
Drug Carriers
Drug Conjugates
Paclitaxel Fluorescein DNA conjugates
Cell Delivery
The cellular delivery of drugs refers to drugs delivered at the cellular level. Cell delivery is essential in pharmaceutical research and biotechnology. Cell delivery focuses on designing systems or vehicles that enable transporting therapeutic agents directly to specific cells or tissues in the body, enhancing efficacy while reducing side effects. There are several strategies and technologies for drug delivery to cells, depending on the nature of the drug and the target:
Cell Delivery and Uptake
Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) - Delivery of proteins into cells.
CRISPR and Gene Editing Tools
Delivery across the Blood Brain Barrier
Exosomes
Hydrogels and Microneedles (Hydrogels; Microneedles)
Nanoparticles (Liposomes, Polymeric nanoparticles, Gold nanoparticles, Carbon nanotubes, Dendrimers).
Oligo Modifications for Cell Delivery and Uptake
pH-Responsive and Stimuli-Responsive Systems
Prodrugs
Targeted Delivery (Ligand-receptor targeting; Folate receptor targeting)
Viral Vectors (Adenoviruses, Lentiviruses, Adeno-associated viruses (AAV))
Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADC), what are they?
ADC QC
ADC Linker Design
ADCs to Treat Cancer
Antibody Modification, Labeling, and Conjugation
Diagnostics: Bioconjugation allows for the development of sensitive diagnostic tools. For example, conjugating fluorescent dyes or enzymes to antibodies is fundamental for ELISA or immunohistochemistry.
Imaging: By attaching imaging agents such as radioactive isotopes or fluorescent markers to specific biomolecules, bioconjugation enables real-time visualization of biological processes or disease states utilizing PET scans or fluorescence microscopy.
Therapeutics
Vaccines: Bioconjugation allows the creation of conjugate vaccines, where weak antigens, for example, polysaccharides, are linked to solid protein carriers. This vaccination improves the immune system's ability to recognize and respond to specific pathogens, such as in vaccines for Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib).
Gene Therapy: Conjugating DNA or RNA molecules to vectors, drugs, nanoparticles, proteins, or peptides, can improve the delivery and uptake of genetic material into target cells, potentially allowing the treatment of genetic disorders by correcting or silencing faulty genes.
Protein, Peptide and Enzyme Engineering: Site-Specific Labeling: Bioconjugation techniques enable the precise attachment of labels or functional groups to specific sites on proteins, enabling the study of protein structure, function, and interactions, which are essential for drug development and understanding disease mechanisms.
Peptide conjugation: Peptide conjugation enables the attachment of chemical moieties to peptides to enhance their properties for drug and diagnostic use.
Peptide conjugation can result in
Improved drug properties:
Peptide conjugation can improve circulation stability and targeting of drugs in vivo as well as reduce toxic side effects.
Improved solubility: Conjugating DNA, RNA, or drugs to peptides can increase their solubility.
Improved cell permeability: Peptide conjugation can facilitate cell permeability.
Extended plasma half-life: Peptide conjugation is an effective strategy for extending plasma half-life.
Promoting oral absorption: Peptide conjugation plays a crucial role in drug development by promoting oral absorption. This practical benefit addresses a common challenge in drug delivery.
Noval peptide constructs: Peptide conjugation allows the creation of novel chimeric molecules by conjugating peptides to nonbiological molecules such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or biological molecules such as DNA, RNA, lipids, sugars, and proteins.
Peptide Amino Acid Conjugates
Enzyme Immobilization: Bioconjugation can immobilize enzymes on solid supports, enhancing their stability and reusability in industrial processes such as biocatalysis to increase the efficiency of processes in industries like pharmaceuticals and food production.
Biosensor Development: Bioconjugation is critical in developing biosensors that detect specific molecules or pathogens. These devices can identify and quantify biomolecules in environmental monitoring, food safety, and medical diagnostics by linking biological recognition elements such as antibodies or aptamers to a sensor surface.
HRP Conjugates
Lanmodulin Binding peptide
Methylen Blue Labeling
Nanotechnology and Material Science: Nanoparticle Functionalization: By conjugating biomolecules to nanoparticles, researchers can create materials with unique properties for applications such as drug delivery, bioimaging, or catalysis.
Smart Biomaterials: Bioconjugation techniques help develop materials that respond to biological stimuli. These materials can change their properties in response to environmental changes like pH or temperature, making them valuable for tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug release systems.
Biomarker Discovery and Analysis: Bioconjugation is essential in proteomics and genomics for identifying and analyzing biomarkers. By tagging specific molecules, researchers can track and study the behavior of biomolecules in complex biological systems, aiding in disease diagnosis and therapeutic target identification.
Biophysical and Structural Biology Studies: Bioconjugation allows researchers to label biomolecules for structural and biophysical studies (e.g., X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, or cryo-electron microscopy), providing insights into the mechanisms of biological processes and aiding in the design of new therapeutic agents.
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Bio-Synthesis provides a full spectrum of high quality custom oligonucleotide modification services including 5'-triphosphate and back-bone modifications, conjugation to fatty acids, biotinylation by direct solid-phase chemical synthesis or enzyme-assisted approaches to obtain artificially modified oligonucleotides, such as BNA antisense oligonucleotides, mRNAs or siRNAs, containing a natural or modified backbone, as well as base, sugar and internucleotide linkages.
Bio-Synthesis also provides biotinylated mRNA and long circular oligonucleotides".
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